feat(node-core): Add node-core/light

[github-actions]

Note

The pull request "feat(node-core): Add node-core/light" was created by @andreiborza but did not reference an issue. Therefore this issue was created for better visibility in external tools like Linear.

This PR adds a lightweight version of the node-core SDK that doesn't include nor requires OpenTelemetry dependencies. It provides a basic error-tracking SDK with support for request isolation via AsyncLocalStorage and basic tracing abilities
via our Sentry.startSpan* apis.

Request isolation requires Node 22.12.0+. On lower Node versions, manual wrapping via Sentry.withIsolationScope is necessary to isolate requests.

[linear]

JS-1632